The full life cycle of Leptosphaeria maculans completed on inoculated oilseed rape incubated under controlled conditions

Effects of Leptosphaeria maculans race structure and fitness cost of virulence on management of phoma stem canker in oilseed rape

Fitness of virulent (avrLm1 and avrLm4) or avirulent (AvrLm1 and AvrLm4) isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans on Brassica napus without the corresponding resistance genes Rlm1 and Rlm4 was investigated in controlled environment (CE) and field experiments. Results indicate that there is a measurable fitness cost for virulent isolates compared to avirulent isolates in terms of number of lesions, si...

Assessing Quantitative Resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma Stem Canker) in Brassica napus (Oilseed Rape) in Young Plants

Quantitative resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus is difficult to assess in young plants due to the long period of symptomless growth of the pathogen from the appearance of leaf lesions to the appearance of canker symptoms on the stem. By using doubled haploid (DH) lines A30 (susceptible) and C119 (with quantitative resistance), quantitative resistance against L. maculans...

Analysis of leaf appearance , leaf death and phoma leaf spot , 1 caused by Leptosphaeria maculans , on oilseed rape ( Brassica 2 napus ) cultivars

“the effect of risk aversion on the demand for life insurance: the case of iranian life insurance market”

abstract: about 60% of total premium of insurance industry is pertained?to life policies in the world; while the life insurance total premium in iran is less than 6% of total premium in insurance industry in 2008 (sigma, no 3/2009). among the reasons that discourage the life insurance industry is the problem of adverse selection. adverse selection theory describes a situation where the inf...

A study on the life cycle of haplorchis taichui(heterophyidae:trematodae) under laboratory conditions

Haplorchis  taichui is parasitic heterophyidae(trematoda) which lives in the intestinal mucosa of its main host and producing heterophyidosis,which is a zonootic diseases.subsequent to the authors, provious  studies which were made on parasit,s lift  cycle in nature in Khuzestan province,Iran,this experimental study was performed with the aim of establishing the parasite,s lift cycle in laborat...